Hobart, located on the traditional land of the Muwinina people, was originally known as Nipaluna, a name that encompasses the surrounding natural landmarks such as Kunanyi / Mount Wellington and the Timtumili Minanya (River Derwent). The region has been inhabited for possibly as long as 35,000 years by Aboriginal Tasmanians, who identify as Palawa or Pakana.

Established in 1804 as a British penal colony, Hobart is Australia’s second-oldest capital city, after Sydney. During its early years, whaling became a central industry, and the city was once the Southern Ocean's primary whaling port. The end of penal transportation in the 1850s marked a shift, and the city underwent periods of both growth and decline. By the early 20th century, Hobart experienced an economic revival fueled by mining, agriculture, and other primary industries. Despite the challenges brought on by global conflicts, Hobart's population grew through immigration, particularly after the world wars.

While Hobart has seen an increase in migration from Asia and other non-English speaking regions, the city remains predominantly Anglo-Celtic and boasts the highest percentage of Australian-born residents among Australian capitals. Today, Hobart stands as the financial and administrative center of Tasmania and serves as a vital home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations. The city has also emerged as a popular tourist destination, drawing visitors with its well-preserved convict-era architecture, the famous Salamanca Market, and the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA), the largest private museum in the Southern Hemisphere.

With its rich history and vibrant cultural scene, Hobart continues to play a significant role in both the local and international landscape.